Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), also known as hypromellose, is one of the most widely used excipients in the pharmaceutical industry today. Derived from cellulose, a natural polymer found in plant cell walls, HPMC is chemically modified to serve multiple purposes in drug development and delivery. Its safety, versatility, and functional properties make it an essential component in tablets, capsules, and other dosage forms.
In this blog post, we explore the key hpmc uses in pharmaceuticals, highlighting its role in drug formulation, delivery mechanisms, and why it's preferred by formulators worldwide.

What is HPMC?
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose is a semi-synthetic, inert, and non-toxic polymer. It is water-soluble and forms a gel upon contact with water. Available in different viscosity grades and particle sizes, HPMC’s properties can be tailored to meet the requirements of various pharmaceutical applications.
HPMC complies with major pharmacopeial standards such as USP, EP, JP, and BP, making it suitable for global use in regulated drug formulations.

Key Pharmaceutical Uses of HPMC
1. Film Coating Agent
One of the most common uses of HPMC is in tablet film coating. It forms a smooth, protective layer over tablets, which serves several purposes:
Protects the tablet from moisture and light.


Masks the taste or odor of active ingredients.


Improves the tablet’s appearance and ease of swallowing.


Controls the release profile (immediate, delayed, or sustained release).


HPMC’s film-forming ability, solubility, and compatibility with pigments and plasticizers make it ideal for coating applications.
2. Controlled and Sustained Drug Release
HPMC is frequently used in matrix tablets for sustained or controlled drug release. When used as a matrix former, it swells and forms a gel layer in the presence of gastrointestinal fluids. This gel acts as a barrier, controlling the diffusion of the drug and maintaining therapeutic levels over an extended period.
Benefits include:
Fewer doses per day.


Improved patient compliance.


Consistent drug release profiles.


The release rate can be modified by altering the grade (viscosity) and concentration of HPMC in the formulation.
3. Binder in Wet Granulation
In tablet manufacturing, HPMC serves as a binder to hold the granules together during compression. Its binding properties help achieve the desired tablet hardness and minimize friability.
Unlike some other binders, HPMC is non-reactive and works well with a wide range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), even those that are sensitive to moisture or heat.
4. Capsule Shell Substitute (Vegetarian Capsules)
With the growing demand for vegetarian and vegan-friendly alternatives to gelatin capsules, HPMC has become a preferred material for two-piece hard capsules. These capsules offer:
Stability over a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels.


Suitability for hygroscopic or moisture-sensitive drugs.


Compatibility with enteric coatings and modified-release formulations.


HPMC capsules are non-animal derived, making them ideal for use in religious, dietary, or ethical contexts.
5. Thickening and Suspending Agent
In oral liquid formulations and ophthalmic solutions, HPMC is used as a thickening and suspending agent. It helps maintain the uniformity of the suspension and enhances viscosity, ensuring accurate dosing and improved patient experience.
For eye drops and gels, HPMC serves as a lubricant, prolonging the contact time with the ocular surface and improving drug efficacy and comfort.

Advantages of HPMC in Pharmaceuticals
Non-toxic and inert: HPMC does not interfere with drug activity.


Stable: High thermal and pH stability, making it suitable for various drug types.


Versatile: Can be used in both solid and liquid formulations.


Hypoallergenic and non-irritant: Well tolerated in oral, topical, and ophthalmic products.


Compliant with major pharmacopeias: Ensures global regulatory acceptance.



Common Drugs and Products Containing HPMC
Many over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medications contain HPMC, including:
Extended-release pain relievers.


Anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medications.


Cold and flu tablets.


Ophthalmic lubricating drops.


Fiber supplements and nutritional capsules.